Example of a primary drying design space graph showing sublimation

Figure A1. Product temperature for 5.4 mL and 10.6 mL fill volumes

Petr KAZARIN, Postdoctoral Research Associate

Technical transfer and commercialisation of lyophilised biopharmaceuticals — application of lyophiliser characterisation and comparability, AAPS Open

Serguei Tchessalov's research works

The graphical design space for the primary drying phase of freeze Drying: Factors affecting the dried product layer resistance - ScienceDirect

Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update

Processes, Free Full-Text

PDF) Advanced approach to build the design space for the primary drying of a pharmaceutical freeze‐drying process

Schematic evolution of a Freeze-drying cycle. Adapted from